The AVMA reported an EIA outbreak that killed 21 horses in the Southwest U.S. <Link>. The incidents are an important reminder of the importance of strict biosecurity protocols and proper training of individuals who work in equine veterinary clinics to help prevent the spread of disease through contaminated medical treatment or equipment.
Given the summer season of flies, mosquitoes and horse enthusiast activities, we’re sharing a good review of EIA in the article linked below. Note the ways equine infectious anemia is transmitted to horses:
- Bites from blood-feeding insects, such as horseflies and deer flies.
- Blood transfusions
- Blood-contaminated needles, syringes, surgical instruments, and teeth floats. The virus can live up to 96 hours on needles.
- From infected mares to foals through the placenta or through her milk.
- Through semen.
- Aerosol transmission upon close contact.
Source: Horse DVM. Link. EIA is caused by a lentivirus, which means it contains RNA material that produces DNA, which becomes incorporated into the genetic material of the infected cells. The virus reproduces in the horse’s white blood cells that circulate throughout their body. The immune system, via antibodies, may attack and destroy red blood cells, leading to anemia.
EIA is a reportable disease in the U.S. and to the World Organization for Animal Health. A Coggins test is required for all horses competing in events, moving interstate or overseas, changing ownership, entering auctions or sales markets, or attending equine events.
Image: Link.